RISE OF AKBAR-REAL FOUNDER MUGHAL EMPIRE

Akbar (1556-1605) Ruled India, who is considered as real founder of Mughal Empire.He is considered as greatest mainly because he basically laid the roots of Mughal Empire by Various factors- such as displaying secular vis-a-vis Hindu and Muslims,his Land Revenue Policies such as Dahsala System introduced by his Finance Minister Todarmal and also his Mansabdari System which is basically a patron-client relationship between Emperor and his Mansabdars.

In the annals of Indian history, few figures loom as large and influential as Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, commonly known as Akbar the Great. Born on October 15, 1542, Akbar ascended to the Mughal throne at the tender age of 14, inheriting an empire rife with internal strife and external threats. Yet, through his astute leadership, visionary policies, and embrace of pluralism, Akbar not only stabilized the empire but also laid the foundations for one of the most prosperous and culturally vibrant periods in Indian history.

One of Akbar's most enduring legacies lies in his administrative reforms. Recognizing the diversity of his subjects, he implemented a system of religious tolerance unparalleled in his time. He abolished the discriminatory jizya tax on non-Muslims, promoted interfaith dialogue, and established a syncretic school of thought known as Din-i Ilahi, which sought to integrate elements of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism. Akbar's commitment to inclusivity not only fostered social harmony but also facilitated the assimilation of diverse cultural traditions, enriching the Mughal court with a vibrant tapestry of artistic, literary, and intellectual achievements.

Picture of Akbar with his Hindu Wife Jodha Bai/Harka Bai daughter of Raja Bharmal

Furthermore, Akbar revolutionized Mughal governance by decentralizing power and establishing a network of provincial administrations led by trusted nobles known as mansabdars. This system, based on merit rather than hereditary privilege, ensured greater efficiency in tax collection, military recruitment, and public administration, laying the groundwork for a more centralized and cohesive empire.

Akbar's military prowess is also legendary. Through a combination of strategic alliances, diplomatic overtures, and military campaigns, he expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest territorial extent, encompassing nearly the entire Indian subcontinent. Yet, unlike his predecessors, Akbar sought not merely to conquer but to consolidate and integrate. He employed conciliatory measures such as matrimonial alliances, land grants, and cultural assimilation to win the allegiance of local chieftains and kings, thereby securing long-term stability and loyalty.

Have a look at Map of India when Akbar's Rein ended.

Moreover, Akbar's patronage of the arts and sciences ushered in a golden age of cultural flourishing. Under his reign, the Mughal court became a beacon of creativity and innovation, attracting scholars, poets, artists, and musicians from across the globe. Akbar's fascination with diverse cultural traditions gave rise to the Mughal school of painting, renowned for its exquisite miniatures depicting scenes from courtly life, mythology, and nature.

Have a look at miniature painting popularised during rein of Akbar (1556-1605)

However, Akbar's legacy is not without controversy. Critics point to his autocratic tendencies, especially in his later years, when he became increasingly intolerant of dissent and imposed strict censorship measures. Additionally, his policies towards religious minorities were not always consistent, and instances of religious persecution did occur during his reign.

Nevertheless, Akbar's enduring impact on Indian history cannot be overstated. His visionary leadership, administrative acumen, and cultural patronage laid the foundations for a pluralistic and cosmopolitan society that continues to shape India's identity to this day. In an era marked by sectarian strife and political upheaval, Akbar's legacy serves as a testament to the power of tolerance, dialogue, and inclusivity in fostering peace and prosperity. Truly, Akbar the Great stands as a towering figure whose legacy transcends the boundaries of time and space.